~hazu
“~hazu” means “should / must / ought to”
Q: Kobayashi san ga mada kimasen.
Q: Kobayashi has not come yet.
A: Sō desu ka. Watashi yori saki ni, uchi o deta hazu desu ga.
A: Is it. He came out earlier than me, he should have gone out
Q: Ashita 8 jihan made ni kaisha e ikitai desu ga, nanji no densha ni nottara(noru) ii deshō ka?
Q: I would like to reach office at 8.30, what time of the train should I take?
A: 7 ji 45 fun no de maniau hazu desu.
A: You should be on time by taking the 7.45 train.
Q: Otōto-san wa, go ryōshin ga jiko ni atta koto o shitte iru deshō ka?
Q: Does your brother know that your parent had an accident.
A: Iie, otōto wa mada shiranai hazu desu
A: No, he should not know about it yet.
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December 21st, 2009 at 11:58 pm
Thank you for this lesson!
I think Q: Is your brother knows that your parent has an accident.
Should be:Q: Does your brother know that your parent had an accident.
December 22nd, 2009 at 8:46 am
Flo, Thanks for the correction
May 16th, 2010 at 1:17 pm
Tony-san, kono bun:-
Otōto-san wa, go ryōshin ga jiko ni atta koto o shitte iru deshō ka?
May I have clarifications to the following two questions please?
1. What does atta koto here mean? I’ve only been using koto to change verbs to nouns, ie, shumi wa tegami o kaku koto desu.
2. Why does the sentence end with deshou ka instead of desu ka? May I know the differences between the two please?
Thank you!
May 16th, 2010 at 1:35 pm
Hi Harch,
1. The “koto” used in the above example is different. It means “matters” or “happenings”
2. Good question – If i omit “deshō ka” and use “desu ka”, the sentence will be “shitte iru desu ka”. Try read it and does it sound weird. The correct replacement will be “shitte imasu ka”.
When you use the original form like “iru”, “iku”, “miru” follow by desu ka, it has to be changed to deshō ka.
May 16th, 2010 at 5:26 pm
Wakatta. Arigatou, Tony-sensei
March 22nd, 2011 at 11:27 am
As said above, hazu refers to some general, non-personal expectation. Tumori is usually used to refer to personal intention/plans.
However, the implications involving hazu with kedo/ga are more numerous and fall under two main concepts:
– The status of the action which modifies hazu (Imperfective/perfective)
– The status of hazu itself (Imperfective/perfective)
4 patterns/implications can then be created, using iku as a simple example:
1. kanojo wa iku hazu desu kedo… = She is expected to go, (but it is not clear whether she will go or not)
2. kanojo wa itta hazu desu kedo… = She is expected to have gone, (but I wonder if she really did go)
3. kanojo wa iku hazu datta kedo… = She was expected to go, (but she did not for whatever reason)
4. kanojou wa mou itta hazu datta kedo… = She was expected to have gone already, (but she did not)
The nuances between each of the 4 are tricky, with 1 and 2 generally denoting uncertainty and 3 and 4 denoting a contradiction from the original expectation.
Also:
When negating hazu, jya nai is not used, as it turns to wa/ga nai. In this way, the following can be stated:
Q: kodomo wa mou gogo 9ji desu ne?
Q: As for the children, It’s already 9 at night, isn’t it? (Implication: They should be asleep)
*A: kodomo wa nenai hazu wa nai desu yo*
A: The expectation for the children is that there is no reason to expect them not to sleep. (i.e. they should be asleep)
**: As a double negative, this sounds softer and more polite than a simple, “neru hazu desu yo,” especially when correcting another person.
Hopefully that’s not too confusing, just wanted to give a litle blurb on hazu. oo If anyone has questions, I’ll try my best to answer. ><
July 12th, 2012 at 11:02 pm
great stuff men….
our sensei at school didn’t even this in our lessons
November 19th, 2012 at 4:54 pm
I have learned a lot from here. I copied some of the lesson here to communicate with my Japanese friends and it works. Thanks
December 1st, 2012 at 9:19 am
what is the pattern to make a sentence with “hazu” itself, is it just (-ta form + hazu) or how? thanks before…
December 1st, 2012 at 9:40 am
Hi Archie, -ta + hazu is past tense
You can use normal + hazu. Example : iku hazu (should go)
May 25th, 2013 at 8:23 am
こんにちは!
My guess would be in this construction: ‘Watashi wa nihon ni hazu kaerimasu!’
(I must (ought, should) return back to Japan!)
はい？はありません？多分？
ありがとう！
May 25th, 2013 at 9:15 am
…or would ‘tumori’ be a better choice for ‘Watashi wa nihon ni tumori kaerimasu!’
おかげで再び！
May 25th, 2013 at 9:26 am
Hi Sato,
It should be Watashi wa nihon ni kaeru tsumori desu or kaeru hazu desu
October 13th, 2016 at 11:09 pm
Hi tony. what does “no de” in the sentence “7 ji 45fun no de..” mean? tk u!
October 14th, 2016 at 4:00 pm
Hi Ng,
If you mean node (without space), then it means “because”, “due to”
September 17th, 2020 at 3:52 am
Hello, these are great mini lessons.I’m a beginner and need to speak Nihongo as soon as possible. Any recommendations please?
Thank you, Edo